Ultrafast nanophotonics and opto-electronics: from metamaterial-based all-optical switching to plasmon-driven polaritonic chemistry

CIC nanoGUNE Seminars

Speaker

Nicoló Maccaferri
Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg

When

2023/11/20
11:00

Place

nanoGUNE seminar room, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, Donostia - San Sebastian

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Ultrafast control of light-matter interactions is fundamental to mark new technological frontiers, for instance in light-driven information processing and nanoscale photochemistry [1]. In this context, we have recently explored the possibility to use metal-dielectric nanocavities to achieve all-optical modulation of light reflectance – a first step to achieve all-optical transistor functionalities. Without the need of driving higher order effects, our system is based on linear absorption, provides large relative modulation exceeding 100% and switching bandwidths of few hundred GHz at moderate (1 mJ/cm²) excitation fluence [2]. This archetypical system becomes even more interesting if the dielectric layer is not just a “passive” insulator but an inorganic van der Waals semiconductor, like a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), which present interesting electronic and optical properties promising for next-generation opto-electronic devices working at optical frequencies. In this framework, understanding ultrafast carrier dynamics, as well as charge and energy transfer at the interface between metals and semiconductors, is crucial and yet quite unexplored. By employing a pump-push-probe scheme, we experimentally study how optically-induced thermionic charge carrier injection affects the exciton formation dynamics in bulk WS2 [3], disclosing excellent opportunities also in polaritonic chemistry. In fact, if an electronic transition (e.g., an exciton or more simply a singlet) strongly interacts with the electromagnetic field inside a resonator (e.g., an optical cavity), we can tailor the energetics and the morphology of a molecular state.  By combining quantum mechanical modelling and pump-probe spectroscopy, we recently shed new light on the ultrafast dynamics of an archetypical polaritonic system composed of photo-switchable dye molecules coupled to optically anisotropic plasmonic nanoantennas, which allow to selectively switch between two regimes where the molecule-antenna interaction is either weak or strong [4]. This synergistic approach is also instrumental to devise new strategies for tailoring photochemical reactions by using plasmons for applications on femtosecond timescales.

References

• [1] N. Koya et al., Appl. Phys. Rev. 10, 021318 (2023)
• [2] Kuttruff et al., Commun. Phys. 3, 114 (2020)
• [3] R. Keller et al., ACS Photonics 9, 2683 (2022)
• [4] Kuttruff et al., Nat. Commun. 14, 3875 (2023)