Cylindrical Micro- and Nanowires: From Curvature Effects on Magnetization to Sensing Applications

CFM Seminars

Speaker

Manuel Vázquez Villalabeitia, CSIC

When

2023/02/15
13:00

Place

CFM Auditorium

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Research on curvature effects in magnetic nanostructures is attracting much interest as they offer novel alternatives to planar systems. In particular, the cylindrical geometry introduces significant singularities in the magnetic response of ferromagnetic wires just from their curvature, which primarily depends on their diameter, length, and aspect ratio. The main magnetic configurations include axial, transverse, and vortex (circular with a singularity at the axis). Microwires, 1 to 200 micrometer diameter, are fabricated by in-rotating-water and by quenching and drawing ultrarapid solidification techniques. Amorphous wires with high magnetostriction re- magnetize through an ideal millimeter-long single domain wall propagating at kilometer-per-second speeds that results in a square hysteresis loop. Such bistable behavior and their magnetoelastic properties are the basis for various devices (e.g., field, stress and temperature sensors, electromagnetic shielding). On the other hand, ultrasoft non-magnetostrictive microwires are employed in very sensitive field sensors based on their Giant Magneto- Impedance, GMI, effect or in flux-gate magnetometers. Nanowires (20 nm to 400 nm diameter) present an outstanding behavior where the crystalline structure plays a major role in competition with shape anisotropy. Cylindrical nanowires are considered as scaffolds for advanced 3D nanoarchitectures exploiting intrinsic curvature that introduces significant differences from planar-based nanotechnologies. They are proposed for novel sensor devices and magnets, and their interconnecting arrays are considered for energy devices or brain-inspired computing. An ultimate goal is currently the investigation of the magnetization reversal modes in individual nanowires by advanced techniques, e.g., X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) coupled to photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), electron holography, and micromagnetic simulations. They show axial, transverse, vortex, and more complex, exotic magnetic configurations and effects (e.g., magnetization ratchet, skyrmion tubes, helical vortices). The reversal nucleates at the nanowire ends, involving singularities (e.g., Bloch- point walls) and at local transition regions (e.g., modulations in diameter or composition between segments of differently designed magnetic properties). Individual nanowires are currently used or proposed for biomedical applications, such as cancer treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, or in composites for their antimicrobial activity. Manuel Vázquez has been a Professor of Research in the Spanish Council for Research (CSIC) since 1996. He was responsible of many scientific and technological projects on the magnetism of nano- and microwires, and has supervised 35 Ph.D. students and numerous visiting scientists. He is coauthor of over 600 publications (H index = 65, 18000 citations) and 23 patents, and has contributed to several books, including as editor of Magnetic Nano- and Microwires (Elsevier, 2015 and 2020). After defending his Ph.D. at the Complutense University of Madrid, he was an Alexander von Humboldt postdoctoral fellow at the Max-Planck-Institute für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, and at the Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, under a NATO research grant. He was the Head of Laboratory at the Institute of Applied Magnetism, IMA (1992-2000) and Manager of the Spanish Strategic Action on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2004-2009). He established the Group of Nanomagnetism and Magnetization Processes at ICMM/CSIC (2001). Prof. Vázquez has actively volunteered in international activities, particularly those of the IEEE Magnetics Society: He founded the society’s Spain Chapter in 2007, was chair of the Intermag Conference in 2008, and served as President in 2017-2018. He received the society’s Distinguished Service Award in 2021. For the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), he served as Secretary of the Magnetism Commission and as Program Chair of the International Conference on Magnetism (ICM) in 2015. He was co-founder of the Club Español de Magnetismo in 2002 and received its Salvador Velayos Award in 2016.